Fig. 5

VPS35 Mutation Causes Defects of Endosomal Fission and Fusion. a Schematic overview of endosomal fission and fusion. b The fission and fusion of RFP-Rab7a vesicles in the neurites of iNeurons in the PD group were imaged by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. c Quantitative analysis of the frequency of fission and fusion of RFP-Rab5a vesicles. The frequency of vesicular fission was lower in the PD group than in the control group. Similarly, the frequency of vesicular fusion was lower in the PD group than in the control group (n = 3 per line, total n = 200 moving vesicles in 20 neurons in each group). d Quantitative analysis of the frequency of fission and fusion of RFP-Rab7a positive vesicles. The frequency of vesicular fission was lower in the PD group than in the control group. Similarly, the frequency of vesicular fusion in the PD group than in the control group (n = 3 per line, total n = 140 moving vesicles in 14 neurons in each group). Data are represented as mean ± SEM; ***P < 0.001; Mann–Whitney U-test in c and d. See also Additional file 9: Movies S5, Additional file 10: Movie S6, Additional file 11: Movie S7, Additional file 12: Movie S8, and Additional file 14: Figure S5