Fig. 3

Behavior analysis of 20-months-old VPS35 D620N Tg mice. a Open field test. The open field test measures levels of overall movement. There was no significant difference observed in the total distance travelled (m) (mean ± SEM) among all 4 groups: NTg Male (n = 14), Tg Male (n = 7), NTg Female (n = 12), and Tg Female (n = 12); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. (NTg Male—Tg Male: P = 0.998, NTg Male—NTg Female: P = 0.390, Tg Male—Tg Female: P = 0.988, NTg Female—Tg Female: P = 0.517). b Rotarod test. The rotarod test assesses motor coordination ability. There was no significant difference observed in the latency to fall from the rotarod (s) (mean ± SEM) among all 4 groups: NTg male (n = 14), Tg male (n = 7), NTg Female (n = 12), and Tg Female (n = 14). (NTg male—Tg male: P = 0.975, NTg male—NTg Female: P = 0.708, Tg male—Tg Female: P = 0.991, NTg Female—Tg Female: P = 0.637). c Elevated plus maze. The elevated plus maze tests for anxiety. There was no significant difference observed in the percentage of time spent in the open arms (mean ± SEM), among all 4 groups: NTg male (n = 15), Tg male (n = 4), NTg Female (n = 10), and Tg Female (n = 13). (NTg male—Tg male: P = 0.999, NTg male—NTg female: P = 0.849, Tg male—Tg female: P = 0.693, NTg female—Tg female: P = 0.931). d Tail suspension test. The TST is a test for depression. There was no significant difference observed in the time spent immobile (s) (mean ± SEM), among all 4 groups: NTg male (n = 15), Tg male (n = 7), NTg female (n = 12), and Tg female (n = 13). (NTg male—Tg male: P = 0.542, NTg male—NTg female: P = 0.063, Tg male—Tg female: P = 0.997, NTg female—Tg female: P = 0.632)