Fig. 3

Summary of retrieval behavior. A Heatmaps showing the time spent in the arms during a retrieval session in the control (left) and ChR2 (right) groups. B Average total time spent in the light-emitting diode (LED) (filled bars) and no-LED (open bars) areas every 1 min during a retrieval session in the control (orange) and ChR2 groups (blue). C Summary of total time spent in each area during the first minute of a retrieval session. D Summary of the ratio of time spent in the LED area to no-LED area during the first minute. E Summary of moving speed after leaving each area. F Average number of arm entries every 1 min during a retrieval session. G Summary of the total number of arm entries during a whole retrieval session. Control, n = 11 (n = 10 in D, because the ratio could not be calculated in a mouse that did not enter the LED area at the first minute); ChR2, n = 11. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; NS, not significantly different (Wilcoxon signed rank test in B, C, E, F and G; Mann–Whitney U test in). P-values were corrected with the false discovery rate in B and F