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  1. Wnt5a, originally identified as a guidance cue for commissural axons, activates a non-canonical pathway critical for cortical axonal morphogenesis. The molecular signaling cascade underlying this event remains...

    Authors: Shin-ichiro Horigane, Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara, Satoshi Kamijo, Hajime Fujii, Michiko Okamura, Makoto Kinoshita, Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura and Haruhiko Bito
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2016 9:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating motor functions and has a unique laminated architecture. Purkinje cells are inhibitory neurons and represent the only output from the cerebellar cortex. Tyrosine ...

    Authors: Ying Huang, Qiong Zhang, Ning-Ning Song, Lei Zhang, Yu-Ling Sun, Ling Hu, Jia-Ying Chen, Weidong Zhu, Jue Li and Yu-Qiang Ding
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2016 9:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Vertebrate-specific neuronal genes are expected to play a critical role in the diversification and evolution of higher brain functions. Among them, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored netrin-G subf...

    Authors: Qi Zhang, Hiromichi Goto, Sachiko Akiyoshi-Nishimura, Pavel Prosselkov, Chie Sano, Hiroshi Matsukawa, Kunio Yaguchi, Toshiaki Nakashiba and Shigeyoshi Itohara
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2016 9:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Mutation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) causes autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite of its ubiquitous expression in brain, its roles in non-neuronal cells such as neural...

    Authors: Insup Choi, Dong-Joo Choi, Haijie Yang, Joo Hong Woo, Mi-Yoon Chang, Joo Yeon Kim, Woong Sun, Sang-Myun Park, Ilo Jou, Sang-Hun Lee and Eun-Hye Joe
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2016 9:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2016 9:18

  5. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are key mediators of acidosis-induced responses in neurons. However, little is known about the relative abundance of different ASIC subunits in the brain. Such data are fundam...

    Authors: Junjun Wu, Yuanyuan Xu, Yu-Qing Jiang, Jiangping Xu, Youjia Hu and Xiang-ming Zha
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2016 9:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. The conditions under which memory generalization occurs are not well understood. Although it is believed that fear memory generalization is gradually established after learning, it is not clear whether experie...

    Authors: Ayano Fujinaka, Ruoshi Li, Masanobu Hayashi, Deependra Kumar, Gopakumar Changarathil, Keisuke Naito, Kousuke Miki, Taihei Nishiyama, Michael Lazarus, Takeshi Sakurai, Nohjin Kee, Satomi Nakajima, Szu-Han Wang and Masanori Sakaguchi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2016 9:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Rasd1 is a member of the Ras family of monomeric G proteins that was first identified as a dexamethasone inducible gene in the pituitary corticotroph cell line AtT20. Using microarrays...

    Authors: Michael P. Greenwood, Mingkwan Greenwood, Andre S. Mecawi, José Antunes-Rodrigues, Julian F. R. Paton and David Murphy
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2016 9:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a genetically heterogeneous disease. To date, 36 dominantly inherited loci have been reported, and 31 causative genes have been identified.

    Authors: Hiroyuki Morino, Yukiko Matsuda, Keiko Muguruma, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Ryosuke Ohsawa, Toshiyuki Ohtake, Reiko Otobe, Masahiko Watanabe, Hirofumi Maruyama, Kouichi Hashimoto and Hideshi Kawakami
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:89
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible protein 45 beta (Gadd45b) is serving as a neuronal activity sensor. Brain ischemia induces the expression of Gadd45b, which stimulates recovery after stroke and may play ...

    Authors: Guo-qian He, Wen-ming Xu, Jin-fang Li, Shuai-shuai Li, Bin Liu, Xiao-dan Tan and Chang-qing Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:88
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Food intake of the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, an intermittent feeder, is attributed to several behavioral elements including foraging, feeding initiation and termination, and food ingestion. Despite...

    Authors: Wei Qi, Zhe Yang, Ziao Lin, Jin-Yong Park, Greg S. B. Suh and Liming Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:87
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  12. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is considered to be an etiologic hormone in motion sickness (MS). The present study was designed to investigate whether individual differences in AVP expression in the paraventricula...

    Authors: Li-Hua Xu, Guan-Rong Tang, Juan-Juan Yang, Hong-Xia Liu, Jian-Cheng Li and Zheng-Lin Jiang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:86
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) has been identified as a risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration, which is the second most common form of progressive dementia in people under 65 years of age. M...

    Authors: Mi-Hee Jun, Jeong-Ho Han, Yu-Kyung Lee, Deok-Jin Jang, Bong-Kiun Kaang and Jin-A Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:85
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  14. Astrocytes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by clearing extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) through endocytosis and degradation. We recently showed that metallothionein 3 (M...

    Authors: Sook-Jeong Lee, Bo-Ra Seo and Jae-Young Koh
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:84
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Structural and functional changes of the hippocampus are correlated with psychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunctions. Genetic deletion of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF...

    Authors: Keita Sasaki, Olaposi Idowu Omotuyi, Mutsumi Ueda, Kazuyuki Shinohara and Hiroshi Ueda
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:83
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by senile plaques, extracellular deposits composed primarily of amyloid–beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles, which are abnormal intracellular inclusions containing ...

    Authors: Kiwamu Watanabe, Kengo Uemura, Megumi Asada, Masato Maesako, Haruhiko Akiyama, Shun Shimohama, Ryosuke Takahashi and Ayae Kinoshita
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:82
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are assumed to play important roles in the perception of nociceptive signals and the associated emotional responses. However, the neuronal types within the ACC th...

    Authors: Sukjae Joshua Kang, Chuljung Kwak, Jaehyun Lee, Su-Eon Sim, Jaehoon Shim, Taehyuk Choi, Graham L. Collingridge, Min Zhuo and Bong-Kiun Kaang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:81
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Various protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms contribute to the phosphorylating activity that modulates neurotransmitter release. In previous studies we showed that nPKCε is confined in the presynaptic site of the n...

    Authors: Teresa Obis, Erica Hurtado, Laura Nadal, Marta Tomàs, Mercedes Priego, Anna Simon, Neus Garcia, Manel M. Santafe, Maria A. Lanuza and Josep Tomàs
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are being applied in regenerative medicine and for the in vitro modeling of human intractable disorders. In particular, neural cells derived from disease-specific human induce...

    Authors: Daisuke Shimojo, Kazunari Onodera, Yukiko Doi-Torii, Yasuharu Ishihara, Chinatsu Hattori, Yukino Miwa, Satoshi Tanaka, Rina Okada, Manabu Ohyama, Masanobu Shoji, Atsushi Nakanishi, Manabu Doyu, Hideyuki Okano and Yohei Okada
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) is caused by the microdeletion of approximately 25 genes on chromosome 7q11.23, and is characterized by a spectrum of cognitive and behavioural features.

    Authors: Shahryar Khattak, Elise Brimble, Wenbo Zhang, Kirill Zaslavsky, Emma Strong, P. Joel Ross, Jason Hendry, Seema Mital, Michael W. Salter, Lucy R. Osborne and James Ellis
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders and it causes long-lasting visceral pain and discomfort. AMPA receptor mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) has b...

    Authors: Shui-Bing Liu, Ming-Ming Zhang, Lin-Feng Cheng, Jiao Shi, Jing-Shan Lu and Min Zhuo
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Constitutive and regulated internalization of cell surface proteins has been extensively investigated. The regulated internalization has been characterized as a principal mechanism for removing cell-surface re...

    Authors: Xiao-Qian Fang, Haifa Qiao, Bradley R. Groveman, Shuang Feng, Melissa Pflueger, Wen-Kuan Xin, Mohammad K. Ali, Shuang-Xiu Lin, Jindong Xu, Florian Duclot, Mohamed Kabbaj, Wei Wang, Xin-Sheng Ding, Teresa Santiago-Sim, Xing-Hong Jiang, Michael W. Salter…
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:75
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Proper neuronal function requires tight control of gene dosage, and failure of this process underlies the pathogenesis of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. The SHANK3 gene encoding core scaffolding proteins at...

    Authors: Su-Yeon Choi, Kaifang Pang, Joo Yeon Kim, Jae Ryun Ryu, Hyojin Kang, Zhandong Liu, Won-Ki Kim, Woong Sun, Hyun Kim and Kihoon Han
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. β-Site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a membrane-bound aspartyl protease that initiates amyloid β-protein (Aβ) generation. Aberrant elevation of BACE1 levels in brains of Alzheimer’s di...

    Authors: Naomi Mamada, Daisuke Tanokashira, Ai Hosaka, Fuyuki Kametani, Akira Tamaoka and Wataru Araki
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:73
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Mutations in the gene encoding Ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). UBQLN2 plays a central role in ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and UBQ...

    Authors: Vincent Picher-Martel, Kallol Dutta, Daniel Phaneuf, Gen Sobue and Jean-Pierre Julien
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:71
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), a key component of retromer, plays an important role in endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of membrane proteins. Dysfunction of VPS35/retromer is a risk factor for neurodegenerati...

    Authors: Yun Tian, Fu-Lei Tang, XiangDong Sun, Lei Wen, Lin Mei, Bei-Sha Tang and Wen-Cheng Xiong
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. The polyglutamine (polyQ) family of disorders comprises 9 genetic diseases, including several types of ataxia and Huntington disease. Approximately two decades of investigation and the creation of more than 13...

    Authors: Wojciech J. Szlachcic, Pawel M. Switonski, Małgorzata Kurkowiak, Kalina Wiatr and Maciej Figiel
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a neuropeptide hormone that functions in the regulation of water homeostasis by controlling water re-absorption at kidneys, is synthesised in supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular ...

    Authors: Mingkwan Greenwood, Michael P. Greenwood, Andre S. Mecawi, Su Yi Loh, José Antunes Rodrigues, Julian F. R. Paton and David Murphy
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:68
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, which leads to the loss of upper and lower motor neurons, with a currently unknown etiology. Specific biomarkers could help in early de...

    Authors: Ikuko Takahashi, Yuka Hama, Masaaki Matsushima, Makoto Hirotani, Takahiro Kano, Hideki Hohzen, Ichiro Yabe, Jun Utsumi and Hidenao Sasaki
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. To examine whether metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have any role in mechanisms that shape neuronal vulnerability to ischemic damage, we used the 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) model of transient global isch...

    Authors: Marta Motolese, Federica Mastroiacovo, Milena Cannella, Domenico Bucci, Anderson Gaglione, Barbara Riozzi, Robert Lütjens, Sonia M. Poli, Sylvain Celanire, Valeria Bruno, Giuseppe Battaglia and Ferdinando Nicoletti
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:66
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a major cause of infant mortality and neurological disability in children. Many studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation facilitates th...

    Authors: Yan Gu, Yun Zhang, Yang Bi, Jingjing Liu, Bin Tan, Min Gong, Tingyu Li and Jie Chen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:65
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. In Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) an immunopathogenic influence of autoantibodies is suspected. In familial GTS a disruption of the contactin-associated protein 2 gene (CNTNAP2), coding for the contactin...

    Authors: Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Thomas Skripuletz, Refik Pul, Sascha Alvermann, Philipp Schwenkenbecher, Martin Stangel and Kirsten Müller-Vahl
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:62
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  38. Our previous studies have demonstrated the critical roles of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) in the central nervous system in chronic pain. In the present study, we examined the analgesic effects o...

    Authors: Zhen Tian, Dong-sheng Wang, Xin-shang Wang, Jiao Tian, Jing Han, Yan-yan Guo, Bin Feng, Nan Zhang, Ming-gao Zhao and Shui-bing Liu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases and manage pain, fever and inflammation in several conditions, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Al...

    Authors: Monica Sathyanesan, Matthew J. Girgenti, Jennifer Warner-Schmidt and Samuel S. Newton
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Recently, we have reported that LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) involves programmed necrotic neuronal deaths induced by aberrant cyclin D1 expression following status epilepticus (SE). Up-regulation of LIMK2 expression i...

    Authors: Ah-Reum Ko, Hye-Won Hyun, Su-Ji Min, Ji-Eun Kim and Tae-Cheon Kang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social cognition, language development, and repetitive/restricted behaviors. Due to the complexity and heter...

    Authors: Chae-Seok Lim, Jung-eun Yang, You-Kyung Lee, Kyungmin Lee, Jin-A Lee and Bong-Kiun Kaang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:57
    Content type: Review Published on:

  43. Sustained changes in network activity cause homeostatic synaptic plasticity in part by altering the postsynaptic accumulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxyle-5-methyl-4-isoxaz...

    Authors: Sung-Soo Jang, Sara E. Royston, Jian Xu, John P. Cavaretta, Max O. Vest, Kwan Young Lee, Seungbae Lee, Han Gil Jeong, Paul J. Lombroso and Hee Jung Chung
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:55
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  44. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene in which a mutation causes Parkinson’s disease (PD), and p53 is a prototype tumor suppressor. In addition, activation of p53 in patient with PD has been reported ...

    Authors: Dong Hwan Ho, Hyejung Kim, Jisun Kim, Hyuna Sim, Hyunjun Ahn, Janghwan Kim, Hyemyung Seo, Kwang Chul Chung, Bum-Joon Park, Ilhong Son and Wongi Seol
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2017 10:48

  45. Radial glial cells (RGCs), the instructive scaffolds for neuronal migration, are well characterized by their unique morphology and polarization; these cells extend elongated basal processes to the pial basemen...

    Authors: Rui Liu, Yang Yang, Junhui Shen, He Chen, Qianqian Zhang, Ru Ba, Yongjie Wei, Kai-Cheng Li, Xu Zhang and Chunjie Zhao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. A converging body of evidence indicates that levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis vary along the septo-temporal axis of the dentate gyrus, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this regional heterogeneit...

    Authors: Jiaqi Sun, Michael A. Bonaguidi, Heechul Jun, Junjie U. Guo, Gerald J. Sun, Brett Will, Zhengang Yang, Mi-Hyeon Jang, Hongjun Song, Guo-li Ming and Kimberly M. Christian
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. The insulin/IGF1 signalling (IIS) pathways are involved in longevity regulation and are dysregulated in neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously showed downregulation in IIS gene expression in astroc...

    Authors: Claire J. Garwood, Laura E. Ratcliffe, Sarah V. Morgan, Julie E. Simpson, Helen Owens, Irina Vazquez-Villaseñor, Paul R. Heath, Ignacio A. Romero, Paul G. Ince and Stephen B. Wharton
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Many genetic and environmental factors are involved in the etiology of nicotine dependence. Although several candidate gene variations have been reported by candidate gene studies or genome-wide association st...

    Authors: Daisuke Nishizawa, Shinya Kasai, Junko Hasegawa, Naomi Sato, Hidetaka Yamada, Fumihiko Tanioka, Makoto Nagashima, Ryoji Katoh, Yasuo Satoh, Megumi Tagami, Hiroshi Ujike, Norio Ozaki, Toshiya Inada, Nakao Iwata, Ichiro Sora, Masaomi Iyo…
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Experience-dependent plasticity is confined to the critical period of early postnatal life, and declines dramatically thereafter. This attenuation promotes the stabilization of cortical circuits, but also limi...

    Authors: Hanxiao Liu, Yue Li, Yan Wang, Xinxing Wang, Xu An, Siying Wang, Lin Chen, Guosong Liu and Yupeng Yang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Binocular pattern deprivation from eye opening (early BD) delays the maturation of the primary visual cortex. This delay is more pronounced for the peripheral than the central visual field representation withi...

    Authors: Karolina Laskowska-Macios, Julie Nys, Tjing-Tjing Hu, Monika Zapasnik, Anke Van der Perren, Malgorzata Kossut, Kalina Burnat and Lutgarde Arckens
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2015 8:48
    Content type: Research Published on:
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